Heatstroke in dogs and cats: causes, signs, prevention, and treatment

As temperatures rise, especially during Australian summers, heatstroke becomes a very serious risk for dogs and cats. Heatstroke can develop quickly and become life-threatening within a very short period of time. Knowing the signs, and what to do, could save your pet’s life.

Table of contents

• What is heatstroke in pets?
• Which dogs and cats are most at risk?
• How to prevent heatstroke
• Signs of heatstroke in dogs and cats
• What to do if you suspect your pet has heatstroke
• How pet insurance can help support your pet’s wellbeing

What is heatstroke in pets?

Heatstroke is a potentially deadly condition that occurs when an animal severely overheats (hyperthermia) and their body temperature exceeds their ability to cool themselves and regulate their temperature to a safe range. Heatstroke can cause tissue damage, organ failure, and body system dysfunction, with potentially life-threatening consequences. For dogs and cats, this can happen quickly, especially in hot, humid, or poorly ventilated environments.

Heatstroke is a medical emergency. It can cause damage to the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs and systems, and can be fatal, especially if not treated promptly. Taking steps to prevent this life-threatening condition is very important.

Which dogs and cats are most at risk?

While any dog or cat can develop heatstroke, some are at higher risk than others:

• Flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds, such as Pugs, French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, Persians, and Himalayan cats (their restricted airways make panting less effective)
• Overweight animals
• Older and very young animals
• Pets with pre-existing conditions, such as heart and respiratory conditions
• Long-haired or thick-coated breeds
• Animals who have recently exercised heavily, especially in hot weather
• Animals who are left unattended in cars or hot, confined spaces

How to prevent heatstroke

The good news is that heatstroke is largely preventable. Here are some important things you can do to help keep your pet safe from heatstroke:

• Always provide access to fresh, clean, cool water (adding ice blocks can help keep your pet’s water cool when the weather is warm). Be sure to take water for your dog when you go on walks as well, especially when it’s warm.
• Ensure your pet always has a cool, well-ventilated space with access to shade (good airflow is essential for effective panting which is an important cooling mechanism for pets).
• Never leave your pet unattended in a car (even on a mild day, with the windows down) as temperatures inside a car can reach dangerous levels within minutes. Never leave your pet confined to any other hot and poorly ventilated space either (for example, a conservatory or shed).
• Don’t exercise your pet during the hottest parts of the day, instead go out when it’s cooler in the early morning or late evening. Avoid strenuous activities (like running or cycling with your dog) in hot weather.
• Keep pets off hot asphalt, sand, or concrete surfaces.
• Be especially cautious with flat-faced breeds and other higher-risk pets during warm weather.
• Groom your pet regularly if this is advised for their breed.

Signs of heatstroke in dogs and cats

Heatstroke can progress quickly. Be alert for any of the following signs:

• Heavy, rapid panting (or in cats, any panting at all)
• Excessive drooling or salivation
• Restlessness or agitation, seeking shade or water
• Very red or pale gums, or a bright red tongue
• Rapid heart rate
• Breathing difficulties
• Vomiting or diarrhoea (possibly with blood)
• Confusion or disorientation
• Dizziness or staggering
• Weakness or lethargy
• Muscle tremors or seizures
• Collapse or loss of consciousness

Signs in cats can be more subtle than in dogs, so err on the side of caution if you have any concerns.

What to do if you suspect your pet has heatstroke

If you think your pet may be experiencing heatstroke, act immediately to cool them down and then transport them to the vet:

• Move your pet to a cool, shaded area straight away.
• Apply cool water to their fur and skin. Be careful around their head so they don’t inhale water, especially if they’re weak, unconscious, or struggling to breathe.
• Use a fan, air-conditioning or gentle fanning to help maximise heat loss.
• Wet down the area around your pet.
• Take your pet to the nearest vet immediately — don’t wait to see if they improve. Call ahead so the vet knows you’re coming and can prepare.

Even if your pet appears to be recovering, they should still be assessed by a vet as serious signs of heatstroke may not be obvious initially.

How pet insurance can help support your pet’s wellbeing

Even with the best care at home, accidents and illnesses can happen when you least expect them. When they do, a trip to the vet can come with a significant cost.

That’s where pet insurance can help. With the right cover in place, you can focus on getting your pet the care they need rather than worrying about the bill. And if you choose RSPCA Pet Insurance, your policy doesn’t just protect your pet — every policy helps support the RSPCA’s important animal welfare work across Australia.

To learn more about how RSPCA Pet Insurance could support you and your pet, click here. Or, if you’re ready to take the next step, you can fetch a commitment-free pet insurance quote online.

Disclaimer

As with any insurance, terms, conditions and exclusions apply. Please read the Product Disclosure Statement to make sure this cover suits your needs.